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The appeal of sad music: A brief overview of current directions in ...
High sound level, fast tempo and major chords are characteristics of happy music. In contrast, low sound levels, slow pace and minor chords are characteristics of sad music (Gabrielsson and Lindström, 2001, Juslin and Laukka, 2004, Khalfa, Roy, Rainville, Dalla Bella, & Peretz, 2008).